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Introduction to a Self Managed Life: a 13 hour & 28 minute presentation by FUTO software
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=== 4. Configure Network === <gallery mode="packed-hover" heights=250 widths=400 perrow=2> File:lu55028jxc7f_tmp_b1e98c52.png </gallery> <span id="why-a-static-ip"></span> ==== 4.1 Why a Static IP? ==== We are going to set up a server that we are going to consistently access. This means we always want it to be at the same place. Imagine trying to deliver mail to someone who lives on 20 Main Street today, and 90 Chandler Avenue tomorrow. Imagine trying to frequent a restaurant whose address changes every week. It would be annoying, inconvenient, and perhaps downright impossible. We want our server to always be at the same address. The “D” in “DHCP” means “dynamic” – as in, changing. We don’t want that. We want a “static” IP, meaning it does NOT change. When setting up your server, we need to give it a static IP, so we always know where to find it, and it never changes. How do we know what IP to give it? Go back to '''pfSense'''’s DHCP server configuration page & you can find it by going to '''Services —> DHCP Server'''. The ''“subnet range”'' tells you the list of available IPs. Keep in mind that you cannot use the IP address of your '''pfSense''' router here. * '''Router Gateway''': My router’s IP is 192.168.5.1. This is the gateway address. * '''Address Pool Range''': My address pool range is from .15 to .245, leaving .246 to .254 and .2 to .14 available. This setup provides a buffer of IPs for servers and other devices. '''Why the Buffer?''' I don’t want any conflicts where someone plugs in their computer while mine is rebooting and steals my IP. We will be setting up STATIC MAPPINGS so that nobody else can grab the IP address of my server – the IP we choose for our server will be reserved for our server’s specific network interface card and not some hated brother in law that thinks he’ll play games when your spouse has him over. However, this is still good practice. <span id="choosing-a-static-ip"></span> ==== 4.2 Choosing a Static IP ==== <gallery mode="packed-hover" heights=250 widths=400 perrow=2> File:lu55028jxc7f_tmp_44432cac.png File:lu55028jxc7f_tmp_feed77f5.png File:lu55028jxc7f_tmp_93f4316.png File:lu55028jxc7f_tmp_bda461e0.png File:lu55028jxc7f_tmp_4d5798a7.png File:lu55028jxc7f_tmp_c59fcb59.png </gallery> For my servers, I pick an IP between 192.168.5.2 and 192.168.5.14. This ensures no one else can sneakily take my server’s IP while it’s rebooting. # In your '''pfSense''' router, go to '''Services > DHCP Server'''. # Understand your subnet. For example, <code>192.168.5.0/24</code> covers IPs from <code>192.168.5.1</code> to <code>192.168.5.254</code> # Your router’s IP is typically <code>192.168.5.1</code>. We can’t use that. Since we made the address DHCP pool range <code>192.168.5.15</code> <code>192.168.5.245</code>, this means that we have <code>192.168.5.2</code> through <code>192.168.5.14</code> free – no computer connecting with DHCP (which is the default for 99.9999% of all network devices in your home) will be using these, so they’re free for the taking. # Choose the network interface that’s connected (usually the one that has already received an IP via DHCP). # Change the configuration from DHCP to Manual: * '''IP Address:''' Choose an address outside your DHCP pool (e.g., <code>192.168.5.2</code>) * '''Subnet:''' Usually <code>255.255.255.0</code> (or /24 in CIDR notation) * '''Gateway:''' Your router’s IP (e.g., <code>192.168.5.1</code>) * '''Name servers:''' Use your router’s IP as the DNS server '''''Please note: if you skip step 4 by choosing Continue without network, you not be able to set up your internet connection later.''''' <span id="prepare-the-drives"></span>
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